조지오웰의 동물농장 Chapter 3

조지오웰의 동물 농장 Chapter 3의 내용을 정리해 보았습니다.

 

 

1. 조지오웰의 동물농장 Chapter 3의 영어원문[한글해석]

Chapter III [제3장] How they toiled and sweated to get the hay in! But their efforts were rewarded, for the harvest was an even bigger success than they had hoped. [그들이 얼마나 열심히 땀을 흘려 건초를 모았는지! 그들의 노력은 보상받았고 수확은 그들이 기대했던 것보다 더 큰 성공이었습니다.] Sometimes the work was hard; the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals, and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. [때로는 일이 힘들었습니다; 도구들은 인간을 위해 설계되었고 동물을 위한 것이 아니었으며 뒷다리로 서서 도구를 사용할 수 있는 동물이 없다는 것은 큰 단점이었습니다.] But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty. [그러나 돼지들은 너무 똑똑해서 모든 어려움을 해결할 수 있는 방법을 생각해냈습니다.] As for the horses, they knew every inch of the field, and in fact understood the business of mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done. [말들은 밭의 모든 부분을 알고 있었고 사실 존스와 그의 사람들보다 훨씬 더 잘 이해하고 있었습니다.] The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others. [돼지들은 실제로 일하지 않았지만 다른 동물들을 지시하고 감독하였습니다.] With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. [그들의 우월한 지식으로 그들이 리더십을 맡는 것은 당연한 일이었습니다.] Boxer and Clover would harness themselves to the cutter or the horse-rake (no bits or reins were needed in these days, of course) and tramp steadily round and round the field with a pig walking behind and calling out "Gee up, comrade!" or "Whoa back, comrade!" as the case might be. [복서와 클로버는 자신들을 커터나 말 쟁기에 매달았습니다(물론 이 시절에는 비트나 고삐는 필요하지 않았습니다) 그들은 꾸준히 밭을 돌아다니며 뒤에 돼지 한 마리가 걸어가며 "Gee up, comrade!" 혹은 "Whoa back, comrade!"라고 외치는 것이었습니다.] And every animal down to the humblest worked at turning the hay and gathering it. [그리고 가장 겸손한 동물까지도 건초를 돌리고 모으는 데 일했습니다.] Even the ducks and hens toiled to and fro all day in the sun, carrying tiny wisps of hay in their beaks. [오리와 닭들마저도 하루 종일 햇볕 아래에서 왔다 갔다하며 부리에 작은 건초를 운반하며 힘들게 일했습니다.] In the end they finished the harvest in two days' less time than it had usually taken Jones and his men. [결국, 그들은 존스와 그의 사람들이 보통 걸리는 시간보다 두 일을 덜 들여서 수확을 끝냈습니다.] Moreover, it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever seen. [게다가 그것은 농장이 본 가장 큰 수확이었습니다.] There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk. [아무런 낭비도 없었고 날카로운 눈을 가진 닭과 오리들이 가장 마지막 줄기까지 모았습니다.] And not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful. [그리고 농장의 어떤 동물도 한 입도 훔치지 않았습니다.] All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. [그 여름 내내 농장의 작업은 시계 작동처럼 진행되었습니다.] The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be. [동물들은 그들이 상상할 수 있는 것보다 더 행복했습니다.] Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food, produced by themselves and for themselves, not doled out to them by a grudging master. [모든 음식 한 입은 이제 그것이 정말로 그들 자신의 음식이며 그들 자신이 생산하고 그들 자신을 위한 것이므로 인색한 주인이 그들에게 나눠주는 것이 아니라 극도의 즐거움이었습니다.] With the worthless parasitical human beings gone, there was more for everyone to eat. [가치 없는 기생적인 인간들이 없어지니 모두가 더 많이 먹을 수 있었습니다.] There was more leisure too, inexperienced though the animals were [경험이 없는 동물들이지만 더 많은 여가 시간도 있었습니다.] They met with many difficulties—for instance, later in the year, when they harvested the corn, they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath, since the farm possessed no threshing machine—but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through. [그들은 많은 어려움에 직면했습니다. 예를 들어, 올해 말에 그들이 옥수수를 수확할 때 농장에 타작기가 없었기 때문에 그들은 고대 스타일로 그것을 밟아야 했고 그들의 숨으로 겨를 날려야 했습니다. 그러나 돼지들의 영리함과 복서의 엄청난 근육으로 그것을 극복하게 했습니다.] Boxer was the admiration of everybody. [복서는 모두가 존경하는 대상이었습니다.] He had been a hard worker even in Jones's time, but now he seemed more like three horses than one; there were days when the entire work of the farm seemed to rest on his mighty shoulders. [그는 존스의 시절에도 열심히 일했지만 이제 그는 한 마리의 말보다는 세 마리의 말처럼 보였으며 농장의 모든 일이 그의 강력한 어깨에 달려 있는 것처럼 보이는 날들이 있었습니다.] From morning to night he was pushing and pulling, always at the spot where the work was hardest. [아침부터 밤까지 그는 밀고 당기며 언제나 일이 가장 힘든 곳에서 일했습니다.] He had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings half an hour earlier than anyone else, and would put in some volunteer labour at whatever seemed to be most needed, before the regular day's work began. [그는 한 마리의 수탉과 다음과 같은 약속을 했습니다. 다른 사람들보다 아침에 반 시간 빨리 그를 오게 해서 정규 근무가 시작되기 전에 가장 필요한 것에 자원 노동을 할 것이었습니다.] His answer to every problem, every setback, was "I will work harder!"—which he had adopted as his personal motto. [그의 모든 문제와 모든 좌절에 대한 대답은 "나는 더 열심히 일할 것이다!"였습니다. 이것은 그가 자신의 개인적인 가치관으로 채택했습니다.] But everyone worked according to his capacity The hens and ducks, for instance, saved five bushels of corn at the harvest by gathering up the stray grains. [모두가 자신의 능력에 따라 일했습니다. 예를 들어 닭과 오리는 흩어진 곡물을 주워 수확 시절에 옥수수 다섯 무더기를 절약했습니다.] Nobody stole, nobody grumbled over his rations, the quarrelling and biting and jealousy which had been normal features of life in the old days had almost disappeared. [아무도 도둑질을 하지 않았고 아무도 자신의 배급량에 대해 불만을 표시하지 않았고 예전의 일상 생활에서 보통 볼 수 있었던 다툼과 싸움, 질투가 거의 사라졌습니다.] Nobody shirked—or almost nobody. [아무도 회피하지 않았습니다—거의 아무도.] Mollie, it was true, was not good at getting up in the mornings, and had a way of leaving work early on the ground that there was a stone in her hoof. [사실, 몰리는 아침에 일어나는 것을 잘하지 못했고 그녀의 발에 돌이 있어서 일찍 일을 그만두는 버릇이 있었습니다.] And the behaviour of the cat was somewhat peculiar. [그리고 고양이의 행동은 다소 이상했습니다.] It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done the cat could never be found. [일이 있을 때마다 고양이를 찾을 수 없다는 것이 곧 알려졌습니다.] She would vanish for hours on end, and then reappear at meal-times, or in the evening after work was over, as though nothing had happened. [그녀는 몇 시간 동안 사라지고 식사 시간이거나 일이 끝난 저녁에 아무 일도 없었던 것처럼 다시 나타났습니다.] But she always made such excellent excuses, and purred so affectionately, that it was impossible not to believe in her good intentions. [그러나 그녀는 항상 훌륭한 변명을 하고 너무 애정있게 울어서 그녀의 선의를 믿지 않을 수 없었습니다.] Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. [반란 이후로 노벤자민이라는 당나귀는 전혀 변한 것 같지 않았습니다.] He did his work in the same slow obstinate way as he had done it in Jones's time, never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. [그는 존스의 시절에 했던 것처럼 느리고 고집스럽게 일을 하였으며 결코 회피하지 않았고 또한 추가적인 일을 자원하지도 않았습니다.] About the Rebellion and its results he would express no opinion. [반란과 그 결과에 대해 그는 의견을 표현하지 않았습니다.] When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey," and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer. [존스가 떠난 후에 그가 더 행복하지 않은지 물었을 때, 그는 "당나귀는 오랫동안 살아. 너희들 중 아무도 죽은 당나귀를 본 적이 없다"라고만 말하였고 다른 동물들은 이 암호 같은 대답으로 만족해야 했습니다.] On Sundays there was no work. [일요일에는 일이 없었습니다.] Breakfast was an hour later than usual, and after breakfast there was a ceremony which was observed every week without fail. [아침 식사는 평소보다 한 시간 늦었고 아침 식사 후에는 매주 빠짐없이 진행되는 행사가 있었습니다.] First came the hoisting of the flag. [먼저 깃발을 게양하는 것이었습니다.] Snowball had found in the harness-room an old green tablecloth of Mrs. Jones's and had painted on it a hoof and a horn in white. [스노우볼은 마구간에서 존스 부인의 오래된 녹색 테이블보를 찾아 그 위에 하얀색으로 발굽과 뿔을 그렸습니다.] This was run up the flagstaff in the farmhouse garden every Sunday morning. [이것은 매주 일요일 아침에 농장 정원의 깃대에 게양되었습니다.] The flag was green, Snowball explained, to represent the green fields of England, while the hoof and horn signified the future Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown. [스노우볼은 깃발이 녹색인 것은 영국의 푸른 들을 상징하고 발굽과 뿔은 인류가 완전히 전복될 때 일어날 동물의 미래 공화국을 의미한다고 설명했습니다.] After the hoisting of the flag all the animals trooped into the big barn for a general assembly which was known as the Meeting. [깃발 게양 후에 모든 동물들이 '회의'라고 알려진 총회를 위해 큰 헛간으로 모였습니다.] Here the work of the coming week was planned out and resolutions were put forward and debated. [여기서 다음 주의 작업이 계획되고 결의안이 제출되어 토론되었습니다.] It was always the pigs who put forward the resolutions. [결의안을 제출하는 것은 항상 돼지들이었습니다.] The other animals understood how to vote, but could never think of any resolutions of their own. [다른 동물들은 투표하는 방법을 이해했지만 자신들의 결의안을 생각해 내는 것은 결코 없었습니다.] Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates. [스노우볼과 나폴레옹은 토론에서 가장 활발했습니다.] But it was noticed that these two were never in agreement: whatever suggestion either of them made, the other could be counted on to oppose it. [그러나 이 두 사람이 결코 합의하지 못하는 것에 눈이 띄었습니다: 둘 중 어느 쪽이든 제안하는 것이 무엇이든 다른 쪽은 반대하는 것으로 믿어질 수 있었습니다.] Even when it was resolved—a thing no one could object to in itself—to set aside the small paddock behind the orchard as a home of rest for animals who were past work, there was a stormy debate over the correct retiring age for each class of animal. [일을 다 한 동물들을 위한 휴식의 집으로 과수원 뒤의 작은 우리를 따로 두기로 결정되었을 때조차도 각 동물 등급별 적절한 은퇴나이에 대한 격렬한 토론이 있었습니다.] The Meeting always ended with the singing of 'Beasts of England', and the afternoon was given up to recreation. [회의는 항상 '잉글랜드의 짐승들'이라는 노래를 부르며 끝나고 오후는 여가활동을 위해 마련되었습니다.] The pigs had set aside the harness-room as a headquarters for themselves. [돼지들은 마구간을 자신들의 본부로 지정해두었습니다.] Here, in the evenings, they studied blacksmithing, carpentering, and other necessary arts from books which they had brought out of the farmhouse. [여기서 그들은 저녁에 농장에서 가져온 책에서 대장장이, 목수 등 필요한 기술을 공부했습니다.] Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal Committees. [스노우볼은 또한 다른 동물들을 그가 '동물 위원회'라고 부르는 것으로 조직하는데 자신을 바빴습니다.] He was indefatigable at this. [그는 이 일에 지치지 않았습니다.] He formed the Egg Production Committee for the hens, the Clean Tails League for the cows, the Wild Comrades' Re-education Committee (the object of this was to tame the rats and rabbits), the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep, and various others, besides instituting classes in reading and writing. [그는 닭들을 위한 '달걀 생산 위원회', 소들을 위한 '깨끗한 꼬리 연맹', 쥐와 토끼를 길들이는 것이 목표인 '야생 동물 재교육 위원회', 양들을 위한 '흰색 울 운동' 등 여러 위원회를 구성했을 뿐만 아니라 읽기와 쓰기 수업도 실시했습니다.] On the whole, these projects were a failure. [전체적으로 이런 프로젝트들은 실패했습니다.] The attempt to tame the wild creatures, for instance, broke down almost immediately. [예를 들어 야생 동물들을 길들이려는 시도는 거의 즉시 실패했습니다.] They continued to behave very much as before, and when treated with generosity, simply took advantage of it. [그들은 이전과 크게 다르지 않게 행동을 계속했고 관대하게 대해주면 그저 그것을 이용했습니다.] The cat joined the Re-education Committee and was very active in it for some days. [고양이는 재교육 위원회에 가입하고 몇 일 동안 매우 활발했습니다.] She was seen one day sitting on a roof and talking to some sparrows who were just out of her reach. [그녀는 어느 날 지붕에 앉아서 자신의 손이 닿지 않는 곳에 있는 참새들과 이야기하는 모습을 보였습니다.] She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any sparrow who chose could come and perch on her paw; but the sparrows kept their distance. [그녀는 모든 동물들이 이제 동지가 되었고 원하는 참새라면 누구든지 그녀의 발에 앉을 수 있다고 그들에게 말했지만 참새들은 거리를 유지했습니다.] The reading and writing classes, however, were a great success. [그러나 읽기와 쓰기 수업은 큰 성공을 거뒀습니다.] By the autumn almost every animal on the farm was literate in some degree. [가을이 되면서 농장의 거의 모든 동물들이 어느 정도는 읽고 쓸 수 있었습니다.] As for the pigs, they could already read and write perfectly. [돼지들은 이미 완벽하게 읽고 쓸 수 있었습니다.] The dogs learned to read fairly well, but were not interested in reading anything except the Seven Commandments. [개들은 꽤 잘 읽을 수 있게 배웠지만 '7개의 계명' 이외에는 아무 것도 읽는 데 관심이 없었습니다.] Muriel, the goat, could read somewhat better than the dogs, and sometimes used to read to the others in the evenings from scraps of newspaper which she found on the rubbish heap. [염소인 뮤리엘은 개들보다 조금 더 잘 읽을 수 있었고 때때로 저녁에 쓰레기 더미에서 찾은 신문 조각을 다른 동물들에게 읽어주곤 했습니다.] Benjamin could read as well as any pig, but never exercised his faculty. [벤자민은 어느 돼지만큼이나 잘 읽을 수 있었지만 그 능력을 절대 사용하지 않았습니다.] So far as he knew, he said, there was nothing worth reading. [그가 알기로, 읽을 만한 것은 아무 것도 없다고 그는 말했습니다.] Clover learnt the whole alphabet, but could not put words together. [클로버는 알파벳 전체를 배웠지만 단어를 조합할 수는 없었습니다.] Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. [복서는 D 글자 이상은 진행할 수 없었습니다.] He would trace out A, B, C, D, in the dust with his great hoof, and then would stand staring at the letters with his ears back, sometimes shaking his forelock, trying with all his might to remember what came next and never succeeding. [그는 큰 발굽으로 먼지 위에 A, B, C, D를 그리고 글자들을 쳐다보며 귀를 쫑긋 세우고 때때로 이마의 털을 흔들면서 다음에 무엇이 오는지 기억하려고 온 힘을 다해 노력했지만 결코 성공하지 못했습니다.] On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H, but by the time he knew them, it was always discovered that he had forgotten A, B, C, and D. [실제로 몇 차례 그는 E, F, G, H를 배웠지만 그가 그것들을 알게 될 때마다 항상 A, B, C, D를 잊어버렸다는 것이 밝혀졌습니다.] Finally he decided to be content with the first four letters, and used to write them out once or twice every day to refresh his memory. [결국 그는 처음 네 글자로 만족하기로 결정하고 매일 한 두 번씩 그것들을 써서 기억을 되살렸습니다.] Mollie refused to learn any but the six letters which spelt her own name. [몰리는 자신의 이름을 철자하는 여섯 글자 이외에는 아무 것도 배우지 않기로 거부했습니다.] She would form these very neatly out of pieces of twig, and would then decorate them with a flower or two and walk round them admiring them. [그녀는 나뭇가지 조각으로 이 글자들을 매우 깔끔하게 만들고, 그 후에 한두 송이의 꽃으로 장식하고 그 주위를 돌아다니며 그것들을 감탄하곤 했습니다.] None of the other animals on the farm could get further than the letter A. [농장의 다른 동물들 중 어느 누구도 A 글자 이상은 진행할 수 없었습니다.] It was also found that the stupider animals, such as the sheep, hens, and ducks, were unable to learn the Seven Commandments by heart. [양, 닭, 오리와 같은 더 어리석은 동물들은 '7개의 계명'을 외우는 것이 불가능하다는 것도 알아졌습니다.] After much thought Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a single maxim, namely: "Four legs good, two legs bad." [많은 생각 끝에 스노우볼은 '7개의 계명'이 사실상 "네 다리는 좋고, 두 다리는 나쁘다"라는 하나의 격언으로 축소될 수 있다고 선언했습니다.] This, he said, contained the essential principle of Animalism. [그는 이것이 '동물주의'의 핵심 원칙을 담고 있다고 말했습니다.] Whoever had thoroughly grasped it would be safe from human influences. [이것을 철저히 이해한 사람은 어떤 인간의 영향에서도 안전할 것이다.] The birds at first objected, since it seemed to them that they also had two legs, but Snowball proved to them that this was not so. [처음에 새들은 자신들도 두 다리를 가지고 있다고 생각되어 이에 반대했지만 스노우볼은 그렇지 않다는 것을 증명했습니다.] "A bird's wing, comrades," he said, "is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation. It should therefore be regarded as a leg. The distinguishing mark of man is the HAND, the instrument with which he does all his mischief." ["동무들, 새의 날개는," 그가 말했습니다, "조작하는 기관이 아니라 추진하는 기관입니다. 그래서 다리로 간주되어야 합니다. 인간을 구별하는 표시는 손, 그가 모든 악을 저지르는 도구입니다."] The birds did not understand Snowball's long words, but they accepted his explanation, and all the humbler animals set to work to learn the new maxim by heart. [새들은 스노우볼의 긴 말을 이해하지 못했지만 그의 설명을 받아들였고 겸손한 동물들은 새로운 격언을 외우기 위해 일하기 시작했습니다.] FOUR LEGS GOOD, TWO LEGS BAD, was inscribed on the end wall of the barn, above the Seven Commandments and in bigger letters ["네 다리는 좋고, 두 다리는 나쁘다"는 '7개의 계명' 위에, 더 큰 글씨로 헛간의 끝 벽에 새겨졌습니다.] When they had once got it by heart, the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim, and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating "Four legs good, two legs bad! Four legs good, two legs bad!" and keep it up for hours on end, never growing tired of it. [한 번 마음에 새기자 양들은 이 명언을 매우 좋아하게 되었고 종종 들판에 누워있을 때 모두가 "네 발 좋고, 두 발 나쁘다! 네 발 좋고, 두 발 나쁘다!" 라고 울부짖으며 몇 시간 동안 이어나갔는데 지치지 않고 계속 했습니다.] Napoleon took no interest in Snowball's committees. [나폴레옹은 스노우볼의 위원회에 관심을 보이지 않았습니다.] He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up. [그는 이미 성장한 동물들에게 할 수 있는 어떤 것보다 젊은 동물들의 교육이 더 중요하다고 말했습니다.] It happened that Jessie and Bluebell had both whelped soon after the hay harvest, giving birth between them to nine sturdy puppies. [허브 수확 후 곧 제시와 블루벨이 각각 강한 강아지 아홉 마리를 낳았습니다.] As soon as they were weaned, Napoleon took them away from their mothers, saying that he would make himself responsible for their education. [그들이 이유식을 먹을 수 있게 되자마자 나폴레옹은 그들을 어미들로부터 데려갔고 그는 그들의 교육에 대해 자신이 책임지겠다고 말했습니다.] He took them up into a loft which could only be reached by a ladder from the harness-room, and there kept them in such seclusion that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence. [그는 그들을 마구간에서 사다리로만 올라갈 수 있는 다락방으로 데려갔고 그곳에서 그들을 외딴 곳에 두어서 농장의 나머지 동물들은 곧 그들의 존재를 잊어버렸습니다.] The mystery of where the milk went to was soon cleared up. [우유가 어디로 가는지에 대한 미스터리는 곧 해결되었습니다.] It was mixed every day into the pigs' mash. [그것은 매일 돼지들의 사료에 섞여 있었습니다.] The early apples were now ripening, and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. [이제 초여름 사과가 익어가고 과수원의 풀밭은 바람에 떨어진 사과로 가득했습니다.] The animals had assumed as a matter of course that these would be shared out equally; one day, however, the order went forth that all the windfalls were to be collected and brought to the harness-room for the use of the pigs. [동물들은 이것들이 당연히 공평하게 나눠질 것이라고 생각했지만 어느 날 모든 바람에 떨어진 사과들이 돼지들의 사용을 위해 모아져 마구간으로 가져가야 한다는 명령이 내려졌습니다.] At this some of the other animals murmured, but it was no use. [이에 대해 다른 동물들이 중얼거렸지만 소용이 없었습니다.] All the pigs were in full agreement on this point, even Snowball and Napoleon. [모든 돼지들이 이 점에 대해 완전히 동의했습니다. 스노우볼과 나폴레옹조차도.] Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others. [스퀄러는 다른 동물들에게 필요한 설명을 하기 위해 보내졌습니다.] "Comrades!" he cried. [그는 "동지들!"이라고 외쳤습니다.] "You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? [우리 돼지들이 이것을 이기적이고 특권적인 정신으로 하고 있다고 여기지 않기를 바랍니다.] Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. [우리 중 많은 이들이 실제로 우유와 사과를 싫어합니다.] I dislike them myself. [나 자신도 그것들을 싫어합니다.] Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. [우리가 이런 것들을 취하는 유일한 목적은 우리의 건강을 유지하는 것입니다.] Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. [우유와 사과는(이것은 과학에 의해 증명되었습니다, 동지들) 돼지의 건강에 절대적으로 필요한 물질들을 포함하고 있습니다.] We pigs are brainworkers. [우리 돼지들은 두뇌 노동자입니다.] The whole management and organisation of this farm depend on us. [이 농장의 전체 관리와 조직은 우리에게 달려 있습니다.] Day and night we are watching over your welfare. [우리는 낮과 밤, 여러분의 복지를 지켜보고 있습니다.] It is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. [그 우유를 마시고 그 사과를 먹는 것은 여러분을 위한 것입니다.] Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? [우리 돼지들이 우리의 의무를 다하지 못하면 어떻게 될지 알고 있습니까?] Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back! [존스가 돌아올 것입니다! 네, 존스가 돌아올 것입니다!] Surely, comrades," cried Squealer almost pleadingly, skipping from side to side and whisking his tail, "surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?" ["정말로, 동지들," 스퀄러가 거의 애원하듯이 외치며 양옆으로 뛰어다니며 꼬리를 흔들었습니다. "정말로, 여러분 중에 존스가 돌아오길 원하는 사람이 없겠죠?"] Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of, it was that they did not want Jones back. [만약 동물들이 완전히 확신하고 있는 한 가지가 있다면 그것은 그들이 존스를 돌아오기를 원하지 않는다는 것이었습니다.] When it was put to them in this light, they had no more to say. [이런 빛으로 그들에게 제시되었을 때 그들은 더 이상 할 말이 없었습니다.] The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. [돼지들을 건강하게 유지하는 것의 중요성은 너무나 명백했습니다.] So it was agreed without further argument that the milk and the windfall apples (and also the main crop of apples when they ripened) should be reserved for the pigs alone. [그래서 더 이상의 논란 없이 우유와 바람에 떨어진 사과들(그리고 익었을 때의 주요 사과 수확물도)은 돼지들만을 위해 보관하기로 합의되었습니다.]

 

 

2. 영어원문

Chapter III How they toiled and sweated to get the hay in! But their efforts were rewarded, for the harvest was an even bigger success than they had hoped. Sometimes the work was hard; the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals, and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty. As for the horses, they knew every inch of the field, and in fact understood the business of mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done. The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. Boxer and Clover would harness themselves to the cutter or the horse-rake (no bits or reins were needed in these days, of course) and tramp steadily round and round the field with a pig walking behind and calling out "Gee up, comrade!" or "Whoa back, comrade!" as the case might be. And every animal down to the humblest worked at turning the hay and gathering it. Even the ducks and hens toiled to and fro all day in the sun, carrying tiny wisps of hay in their beaks. In the end they finished the harvest in two days' less time than it had usually taken Jones and his men. Moreover, it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever seen. There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk. And not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful. All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be. Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food, produced by themselves and for themselves, not doled out to them by a grudging master. With the worthless parasitical human beings gone, there was more for everyone to eat. There was more leisure too, inexperienced though the animals were. They met with many difficulties—for instance, later in the year, when they harvested the corn, they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath, since the farm possessed no threshing machine—but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through. Boxer was the admiration of everybody. He had been a hard worker even in Jones's time, but now he seemed more like three horses than one; there were days when the entire work of the farm seemed to rest on his mighty shoulders. From morning to night he was pushing and pulling, always at the spot where the work was hardest. He had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings half an hour earlier than anyone else, and would put in some volunteer labour at whatever seemed to be most needed, before the regular day's work began. His answer to every problem, every setback, was "I will work harder!"—which he had adopted as his personal motto. But everyone worked according to his capacity The hens and ducks, for instance, saved five bushels of corn at the harvest by gathering up the stray grains. Nobody stole, nobody grumbled over his rations, the quarrelling and biting and jealousy which had been normal features of life in the old days had almost disappeared. Nobody shirked—or almost nobody. Mollie, it was true, was not good at getting up in the mornings, and had a way of leaving work early on the ground that there was a stone in her hoof. And the behaviour of the cat was somewhat peculiar. It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done the cat could never be found. She would vanish for hours on end, and then reappear at meal-times, or in the evening after work was over, as though nothing had happened. But she always made such excellent excuses, and purred so affectionately, that it was impossible not to believe in her good intentions. Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. He did his work in the same slow obstinate way as he had done it in Jones's time, never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. About the Rebellion and its results he would express no opinion. When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey," and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer. On Sundays there was no work. Breakfast was an hour later than usual, and after breakfast there was a ceremony which was observed every week without fail. First came the hoisting of the flag. Snowball had found in the harness-room an old green tablecloth of Mrs. Jones's and had painted on it a hoof and a horn in white. This was run up the flagstaff in the farmhouse garden every Sunday morning. The flag was green, Snowball explained, to represent the green fields of England, while the hoof and horn signified the future Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown. After the hoisting of the flag all the animals trooped into the big barn for a general assembly which was known as the Meeting. Here the work of the coming week was planned out and resolutions were put forward and debated. It was always the pigs who put forward the resolutions. The other animals understood how to vote, but could never think of any resolutions of their own. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates. But it was noticed that these two were never in agreement: whatever suggestion either of them made, the other could be counted on to oppose it. Even when it was resolved—a thing no one could object to in itself—to set aside the small paddock behind the orchard as a home of rest for animals who were past work, there was a stormy debate over the correct retiring age for each class of animal. The Meeting always ended with the singing of 'Beasts of England', and the afternoon was given up to recreation. The pigs had set aside the harness-room as a headquarters for themselves. Here, in the evenings, they studied blacksmithing, carpentering, and other necessary arts from books which they had brought out of the farmhouse. Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal Committees. He was indefatigable at this. He formed the Egg Production Committee for the hens, the Clean Tails League for the cows, the Wild Comrades' Re-education Committee (the object of this was to tame the rats and rabbits), the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep, and various others, besides instituting classes in reading and writing. On the whole, these projects were a failure. The attempt to tame the wild creatures, for instance, broke down almost immediately. They continued to behave very much as before, and when treated with generosity, simply took advantage of it. The cat joined the Re-education Committee and was very active in it for some days. She was seen one day sitting on a roof and talking to some sparrows who were just out of her reach. She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any sparrow who chose could come and perch on her paw; but the sparrows kept their distance. The reading and writing classes, however, were a great success. By the autumn almost every animal on the farm was literate in some degree. As for the pigs, they could already read and write perfectly. The dogs learned to read fairly well, but were not interested in reading anything except the Seven Commandments. Muriel, the goat, could read somewhat better than the dogs, and sometimes used to read to the others in the evenings from scraps of newspaper which she found on the rubbish heap. Benjamin could read as well as any pig, but never exercised his faculty. So far as he knew, he said, there was nothing worth reading. Clover learnt the whole alphabet, but could not put words together. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D, in the dust with his great hoof, and then would stand staring at the letters with his ears back, sometimes shaking his forelock, trying with all his might to remember what came next and never succeeding. On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H, but by the time he knew them, it was always discovered that he had forgotten A, B, C, and D. Finally he decided to be content with the first four letters, and used to write them out once or twice every day to refresh his memory. Mollie refused to learn any but the six letters which spelt her own name. She would form these very neatly out of pieces of twig, and would then decorate them with a flower or two and walk round them admiring them. None of the other animals on the farm could get further than the letter A. It was also found that the stupider animals, such as the sheep, hens, and ducks, were unable to learn the Seven Commandments by heart. After much thought Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a single maxim, namely: "Four legs good, two legs bad." This, he said, contained the essential principle of Animalism. Whoever had thoroughly grasped it would be safe from human influences. The birds at first objected, since it seemed to them that they also had two legs, but Snowball proved to them that this was not so. "A bird's wing, comrades," he said, "is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation. It should therefore be regarded as a leg. The distinguishing mark of man is the HAND, the instrument with which he does all his mischief." The birds did not understand Snowball's long words, but they accepted his explanation, and all the humbler animals set to work to learn the new maxim by heart. FOUR LEGS GOOD, TWO LEGS BAD, was inscribed on the end wall of the barn, above the Seven Commandments and in bigger letters When they had once got it by heart, the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim, and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating "Four legs good, two legs bad! Four legs good, two legs bad!" and keep it up for hours on end, never growing tired of it. Napoleon took no interest in Snowball's committees. He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up. It happened that Jessie and Bluebell had both whelped soon after the hay harvest, giving birth between them to nine sturdy puppies. As soon as they were weaned, Napoleon took them away from their mothers, saying that he would make himself responsible for their education. He took them up into a loft which could only be reached by a ladder from the harness-room, and there kept them in such seclusion that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence. The mystery of where the milk went to was soon cleared up. It was mixed every day into the pigs' mash. The early apples were now ripening, and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. The animals had assumed as a matter of course that these would be shared out equally; one day, however, the order went forth that all the windfalls were to be collected and brought to the harness-room for the use of the pigs. At this some of the other animals murmured, but it was no use. All the pigs were in full agreement on this point, even Snowball and Napoleon. Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others. "Comrades!" he cried. "You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organisation of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back! Surely, comrades," cried Squealer almost pleadingly, skipping from side to side and whisking his tail, "surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?" Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of, it was that they did not want Jones back. When it was put to them in this light, they had no more to say. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. So it was agreed without further argument that the milk and the windfall apples (and also the main crop of apples when they ripened) should be reserved for the pigs alone.

 

 

3. 마치며

번역기로 번역을 한 후 다듬은 내용이라 매끄럽지 못한 부분이 있을 수도 있는데 참고해서 봐 주세요. 도움이 되셨기를 바랍니다. 다음에 챕터4가 이어집니다.